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Stoptober, launched by Public Health England (PHE) in 2012, is a national smoking cessation campaign that takes place every October, designed to encourage smokers to quit smoking for 28 days. Research has shown that if you can stop smoking for 28 days, you are five times more likely to quit for good¹. However, quitting smoking is challenging; it is essential to know what support tools are available to aid a quit attempt. In this blog, we will examine the role of carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring in a quit attempt.

Why CO monitoring matters

How CO monitoring devices work

The psychological benefit of real-time feedback

Smokerlyzer® range

The Smokerlyzer® is a range of CO monitoring devices designed to aid smoking cessation. The range consists of:

Micro⁺™ Smokerlyzer® – a CO breath and foetal device to help people stop smoking. Results shown in exact parts per million (ppm), carboxyhaemoglobin (%COHb) and foetal carboxyhaemoglobin (%FCOHb).

PiCO™ Smokerlyzer® – a breath CO device to help people stop smoking, results shown in exact ppm and %COHb.

PiCO^baby™ Smokerlyzer® – a breath CO device for pregnant women to help them stop smoking. Results shown in exact ppm, %COHb and %FCOHb.

iCOquit® Smokerlyzer® – a personal CO device, to help you quit smoking, one breath at a time. Results shown in

Incorporating CO monitoring into your Stoptober plan

When deciding to quit smoking, it is advisable to speak with a healthcare professional who can discuss the tools available to assist a quit attempt. CO monitoring devices can be found in smoking cessation clinics across the world, and smoking cessation advisors will be able to provide a structured plan for a quit-smoking attempt.

Stoptober is just the beginning

Whilst Stoptober is the perfect excuse for anyone to embark on a quit smoking attempt, it shouldn’t end on October 31^st. CO monitoring provides visual progress during a quit attempt, empowering users to continue their efforts toward a smoke-free life. To find out more about what quit smoking services are available, visit the NHS website here.

The best start to a quit smoking attempt is by combining commitment, support, and CO monitoring. For more information on smoking cessation and the Smokerlyzer® range, visit the website here.

References

1. Stop Smoking this Stoptober and You will be Five Times More Likely to Quit for Good! | North Central London Integrated Care System [Internet]. Nclhealthandcare.org.uk. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 17]. Available from: https://nclhealthandcare.org.uk/news/stop-smoking-this-stoptober-and-you-will-be-five-times-more-likely-to-quit-for-good/
2. ‌Department of Health and Aged Care. Effects of smoking and tobacco [Internet]. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 2024. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/topics/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco/about-smoking/effects
3. NHS. Quit smoking – better health [Internet]. NHS.UK. NHS; 2020. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/
4. ‌Pilot Study of the Use of Personal Carbon Monoxide Monitoring to Achieve Radical Smoking Reduction. Journal of Smoking Cessation. Emma Beard and Robert West (2012). [cited on 17/6/25] Available from https://web.archive.org/web/20180721211143id_/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0BAC2289E42E9C31C892D54BF7980237/S1834261212000011a.pdf/div-class-title-pilot-study-of-the-use-of-personal-carbon-monoxide-monitoring-to-achieve-radical-smoking-reduction-div.pdf

Digestive health isn’t just how well your gut processes food; your gut impacts your immune system, mental health, and overall well-being. The effects can be felt throughout the body when our gut isn’t functioning correctly. This blog explores why digestive health matters and how a non-invasive Hydrogen and Methane Breath Test (HMBT) can be used to investigate underlying gut issues.

Why Digestive Health Matters.

Your digestive system effectively breaks down food in the gut, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. You can maintain a healthy digestive system through a balanced diet, lifestyle choices, and effective stress management. A healthy gut can positively impact your overall health and quality of life. Some ways to improve your gut health are¹:

When gut health isn’t at its best, you can experience various symptoms that suggest an imbalance. While occasional discomfort is normal, persistent symptoms indicate that your digestive system needs attention. Common symptoms of bad gut health are³:

• Bloating,
• Gas,
• Constipation,
• Diarrhoea.

Experiencing these symptoms can significantly impact everyday life and suggest an underlying issue such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO).

Common Causes of Digestive Imbalance.

Various factors can contribute to bad gut health, and understanding the root cause is vital to restoring balance and improving quality of life. These factors can include³:

• Poor diet,
• Stress,
• Antibiotics,
• Underlying medical conditions.

It is key to recognise that your digestive health isn’t where it is supposed to be and speak to a healthcare professional about your symptoms. If it is unclear what is causing your symptoms, you may be referred for further investigations.

What is HMBT?

HMBT with the Gastrolyzer®.

Taking a HMBT.

Before taking a HMBT, a strict patient preparation protocol must be adhered to, including a fasting period. The test begins with a baseline sample taken before the patient consumes a substrate, either lactulose or glucose, depending on the condition being assessed. Breath samples are then taken at intervals, typically over a period of 3 hours. The samples are then analysed for hydrogen and methane gases.

With the Gastrolyzer® GastroCH₄ECK®, it is possible to perform a remote HMBT. For some patients, undertaking the test at home is a more comfortable experience due to the symptoms they are experiencing. The same strict protocol must be adhered to; the test pack includes breath bags to collect the breath sample and step-by-step instructions on how to take the test.

Why HMBT is Valuable.

A HMBT offers many benefits⁵:

• Non-invasive,
• Easy to perform at home or in a clinic,
• Helps target treatment and avoids unnecessary guesswork,
• Can validate symptoms and provide a more precise diagnosis for conditions like SIBO.

By identifying the type of gas produced, healthcare professionals can more effectively tailor treatment plans, whether through diet, probiotics, or antibiotics.

A healthy gut is key to overall wellness, and when symptoms arise, it is essential not to ignore them or mask them with temporary fixes. HMBT tools like the Gastrolyzer® are changing how we identify the underlying cause of gut imbalances and set the stage for better long-term gut health.

For more information on the Gastrolyzer® range and HMBT, visit the new Educational portal here.

References

1. Hirsch A. The Importance of Digestive Health [Internet]. Austin Gastroenterology. 2020. Available from: https://www.austingastro.com/2020/02/07/the-importance-of-digestive-health/
2. British Nutrition Foundation. How Your Gut Affects Your Health [Internet]. British Nutrition Foundation. 2025. Available from: https://www.nutrition.org.uk/creating-a-healthy-diet/gut-health/
3. ‌Department of Health & Human Services. Gut health [Internet]. www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au. 2023. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/gut-health
4. ‌Nagao-Kitamoto H, Kitamoto S, Kuffa P, Kamada N. Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases. Intestinal Research. 2016;14(2):127.
5. Rezaie A, Buresi M, Lembo A, Lin H, McCallum R, Rao S, et al. Hydrogen and Methane-Based Breath Testing in Gastrointestinal Disorders: The North American Consensus. The American Journal of Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2017 May 1;112(5):775–84. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418558/

Bedfont® Scientific Limited highlights how using FeNO and CO monitoring can help to support healthier lungs.

World Lung Day is an annual global awareness day observed on the 25^th of September. The event was established by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) and its partners in 2019, designed to provide a unified global platform for raising awareness about the burden of lung diseases and advocating for lung health. This year’s theme, ‘Healthy Lungs, Healthy Life,’ aims to highlight the importance of maintaining lung health for a healthy life.

Breathing issues are responsible for 1 in 8 (13%) emergency admissions in England, higher than heart disease, musculoskeletal conditions and cancer¹. In 2017, a study revealed that nearly 545 million people across the globe were living with a chronic respiratory condition, contributing to premature morbidity and mortality². Conditions such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and lung cancer contribute significantly to these startling statistics.

Asthma^3,4.

Asthma is a chronic condition where the airways become inflamed and narrowed, making breathing difficult. Symptoms of asthma include:

• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Shortness of breath

It is estimated that the underdiagnosis of asthma varies widely from 19 to 73%. In 2019, 262 million people worldwide had asthma, causing 455,000 deaths, with most asthma-related deaths occurring in low and lower-middle-income countries, where underdiagnosis and under-treatment are a challenge. Unfortunately, asthma cannot be cured, but with the proper care and treatment, people with asthma can enjoy a normal and active life, reducing unnecessary emergencies.

Smoking^5,6,7.

In 2020, approximately 5.2 trillion cigarettes were consumed worldwide, with China consuming over double the number of cigarettes as Europe did. Smoking kills over 8 million people a year and is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. This includes an estimated 1.3 million non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke. Smoking has a profound impact on people’s health, affecting nearly every organ of the body and leading to a variety of diseases. Smoking can lead to various health complications, such as:

• Cancer,
• Breathing and chronic respiratory conditions,
• Heart disease, stroke and blood circulation problems,
• Diabetes,
• And many more serious illnesses.

Globally, Tobacco smoking accounts for over 70% of COPD cases in high-income countries. In low- and middle-income countries, tobacco smoking accounts for 30–40% of COPD cases, and household air pollution is a significant risk factor⁸.  Whilst quitting smoking is notoriously tricky, it is achievable with the proper support and encouragement, and ultimately will reduce these startling statistics.

Healthy lungs.

There are many ways to care for our lungs, including proper asthma management and support to quit smoking. Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) testing plays a vital role in asthma management, and carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring offers motivational support to those quitting smoking.

What is FeNO testing?

A FeNO test measures the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath. Elevated levels are a sign of airway inflammation, a key feature of asthma. The test is quick, completely non-invasive, and simple to perform. FeNO devices, such as the NObreath® are valuable tools to aid an asthma diagnosis as well as monitoring over time. By guiding treatment decisions, they help ensure patients receive the right medication and reduce the risk of flare-ups.

What is CO monitoring?

CO is a harmful gas produced when tobacco is smoked. A simple, non-invasive test using a CO device such as the Smokerlyzer® can detect the presence of CO in exhaled breath. The device provides real-time readings, offering a clear picture of exposure. Watching CO levels fall after quitting can be a powerful motivator, reinforcing progress and supporting long-term success.

It is clear that lung health is a global issue, and more needs to be done to prevent poor lung health. Awareness events, such as World Lung Day, are vital in raising awareness of the issues faced worldwide, as well as what can be done to support healthy lungs for a healthy life.

To find out about how the NObreath® and Smokerlyzer® range are supporting better lung health, visit www.bedfont.com to learn more.

References

1. NHS. Hospital admitted patient care activity, 2023-24. [Internet]. NHS. 2024. Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity/2023-24
2. Soriano JB, Kendrick PJ, Paulson KR, Gupta V, Abrams EM, Adedoyin RA, et al. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1;8(6):585–96. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7284317/
3. World Health Organization. Asthma [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma
4. Kavanagh J, Jackson DJ, Kent BD. Over-and under-diagnosis in asthma. Breathe. 2019 Apr 17;15(1):e20-7. DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0362-2018.
5. World Health Organization. Tobacco [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2025. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
6. Department of Health and Aged Care. Effects of Smoking and Tobacco [Internet]. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 2024. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/topics/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco/about-smoking/effects
7. Statista. Global consumption of cigarettes 1880-2020. [Internet]. Statista. 2017. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/279577/global-consumption-of-cigarettes-since-1880/

Understanding the September asthma epidemic¹

Many factors can contribute to the increase in asthma flare-ups when children return to school, including:

• Interrupted medication routines throughout the summer holidays,
• Exposure to triggers on the return to school,
• Emotional stress experienced when starting a new school or school year.

With this in mind, parents or guardians must be well educated and prepared for the return to school.

How can parents or guardians prepare?

Various steps can be taken to ensure the return to school runs smoothly with minimal impact on a child’s asthma symptoms.

Arrange a pre-school check-up

During the review, consider asking about Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) testing. FeNO is a non-invasive test that measures airway inflammation in the lungs, which is often found in asthma. It can help confirm an asthma diagnosis if there is uncertainty, determine how well inhaled corticosteroids work, and guide adjustments in treatment².

A FeNO test can be helpful if your child’s symptoms are inconsistent or you are unsure whether their asthma is fully under control heading into the school year.

FeNO testing with the NObreath® FeNO device

The NObreath® is a portable, non-invasive FeNO testing device designed to aid in asthma diagnosis and management. Carrying out a FeNO test with the NObreath® is quick and easy, making it the perfect choice for asthma care and management in children. The latest joint guidelines from the British Thoracic Society (BTS), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) recommend a FeNO test as the first-line test for asthma diagnosis in children³.

Understand your child’s asthma triggers

Triggers differ from person to person; one thing that might set symptoms off in one person may not cause symptoms in another, so it is essential to understand what triggers your child’s asthma. Common school-related triggers could include⁴:

• Dust,
• Pollen,
• Cold air,
• Physical activity,
• Stress,
• Classroom pets.

If you know your child’s triggers, it would be a good idea to communicate with the school staff to ensure they are aware, so triggers can be avoided if possible.

Communicate with the school

We briefly touched on communication with the school regarding triggers. However, it is important that the staff are aware of your child’s asthma, triggers and medication. When preparing your child’s medication and supplies, it is a good idea to label everything correctly and ensure the school is aware so inhalers can be stored safely at school. You should also ask about the school’s medication use and self-administration policy.

Teach self-management skills

Going back to school can be challenging for children and parents or guardians. However, asthma doesn’t need to impact this transition. The back-to-school process should run smoothly with the correct education, treatment, and preparation. We should also recognise that while starting a new school year can cause an exacerbation in asthma symptoms, it is important to remain vigilant throughout the year, ensuring your child’s asthma is well-controlled.

For more information on FeNO testing with NObreath® and its integral role in the asthma pathway, visit the website here.

References

1. Number of children in hospital with life-threatening asthma attacks could quadruple as they return to school [Internet]. Asthma + Lung UK. 2024. Available from: https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/media/press-releases/number-children-hospital-life-threatening-asthma-attacks-could-quadruple-they
2. NHS England. NHS Accelerated Access Collaborative» Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) [Internet]. www.england.nhs.uk. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/aac/what-we-do/innovation-for-healthcare-inequalities-programme/rapid-uptake-products/fractional-exhaled-nitric-oxide/
3. NICE. Overview | Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management (BTS, NICE, SIGN) | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. Nice.org.uk. NICE; 2024. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG245
4. Asthma at school and nursery | Asthma + Lung UK [Internet]. www.asthmaandlung.org.uk. 2024. Available from: https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/child/life/school

Bedfont® Scientific Limited hosted an insightful webinar, Navigating IBS: Understanding IBS symptoms, microbiome impact and the role of HMBT, with expert Gastrointestinal Physiologist, Melissa Dooley. The webinar examined IBS symptoms, their overlap with other conditions, and how hydrogen-methane breath testing (HMBT) can help.

This webinar covers some essential topics:

• What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
• How IBS can affect daily life.
• How our gut and brain interact with each other.
• The importance of accurate diagnostic testing.

What is IBS?

IBS is a common and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder that affects around 10-15% of the population. It is a chronic functional gastrointestinal condition that typically affects the lower digestive system. Unfortunately, many people with an IBS diagnosis often feel frustrated at the lack of immediate solutions, and some have even felt dismissed by healthcare professionals, which can lead to a sense of isolation and lack of support. Symptoms of IBS can include:

IBS comes in multiple forms:

• IBS-C refers to IBS with constipation,
• IBS-D refers to IBS with diarrhoea,
• IBS-M refers to IBS with mixed bowel habits,

Post-Infectious IBS, which typically occurs after a gastrointestinal infection.

What causes IBS?

There is no definitive cause of IBS that has been identified; however, gut inflammation, altered gut motility, gut hypersensitivity to certain foods, and a disturbed gut microbiome are all considered to play a role in the condition.

Many triggers can exacerbate a person’s IBS symptoms, and these do vary from person to person. Some common triggers include:

• Mental stress,
• Anxiety,
• Certain foods,
• A change in routine,
• Hormonal changes.

Gut and brain connection

How IBS can affect daily life

IBS tends to be more common in women than in men, and the prevalence is higher in those between the ages of 20 and 40. However, IBS can affect people of all ages. People who suffer from IBS may experience unpredictable episodes, which could include urgency. This can lead to people avoiding social events, eating out, and it can even cause anxiety, which can severely impact a person’s quality of life.

It is vital that people do not self-diagnose, as IBS symptoms can overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional can lead to further investigations, such as blood or stool tests, rather than attempting to manage symptoms with over-the-counter medication.

How can HMBT help?

Whilst a HMBT cannot diagnose IBS, it is a great diagnostic tool that can be used to rule it out. HMBT was developed due to the relative inaccessibility of the small intestine and is useful for detecting both small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and dietary malabsorption.

Melissa discusses IBS, SIBO and carbohydrate malabsorption in detail throughout the webinar, even detailing a real-life case study. To learn more and watch the webinar in full, click here.

In light of the startling figures mentioned above, this blog examines CO monitoring and how it can help with a quit-smoking attempt.

What is CO, and why is it harmful?

CO is a colourless, odourless gas found in cigarette smoke. When inhaled, it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. The CO attaches to the haemoglobin in red blood cells and blocks the oxygen they carry, starving your body of oxygen. This can then lead to many health complications and smoking-related diseases², such as:

• Cancer,
• Breathing and chronic respiratory conditions,
• Heart disease, stroke and blood circulation problems,
• Diabetes,
• And many more serious illnesses.

The consequences of smoking are staggering, with smoking-related deaths remaining the UK’s biggest preventable killer, causing 1 in 4 cancer deaths and 64,000 deaths per year in England³.

How CO monitoring works

CO monitoring is an easy, non-invasive way to track CO levels in exhaled breath. CO is a gas naturally found in a person’s exhaled breath, and it is normal to have a small amount of CO in your breath. However, as smokers inhale CO when smoking, a higher level of CO is exhaled.

Why is CO monitoring useful for smoking cessation?

People embarking on a quit-smoking journey can benefit from using a CO device like the Smokerlyzer® by receiving immediate insights into their smoking-related CO levels. Seeing a decline in CO levels after quitting can be a strong motivator and reinforce a person’s reason for quitting.

With smoking killing over 8 million people a year, it is clear that more needs to be done to aid smoking cessation and relieve the burden of smoking-related illnesses on healthcare providers worldwide. CO monitoring is a proven tool to help people with a quit attempt and take control of their health. To learn more about CO monitoring with devices like the Smokerlyzer®, visit the website here.

References

1. World Health Organization. [cited on 2/5/24] Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco 
2. Department of Health and Aged Care. Effects of smoking and tobacco [Internet]. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 2024. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/topics/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco/about-smoking/effects
3. Prime Minister to create ‘smokefree generation’ by ending cigarette sales to those born on or after 1 January 2009 [Internet]. GOV.UK. 2023. [Cited Monday 16th September 2024]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-to-create-smokefree-generation-by-ending-cigarette-sales-to-those-born-on-or-after-1-january-2009
4. Pilot Study of the Use of Personal Carbon Monoxide Monitoring to Achieve Radical Smoking Reduction. Journal of Smoking Cessation. Emma Beard and Robert West (2012). [cited on 31/5/24] Available from https://web.archive.org/web/20180721211143id_/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0BAC2289E42E9C31C892D54BF7980237/S1834261212000011a.pdf/div-class-title-pilot-study-of-the-use-of-personal-carbon-monoxide-monitoring-to-achieve-radical-smoking-reduction-div.pdf

New partnership with Medvision for Medical Services Company brings the Gastrolyzer® range to Kuwait.

Bedfont® Scientific Limited, world leaders in breath analysis, is pleased to announce its collaboration with Medvision for Medical Services Company in Kuwait. Medvision, a leading distributor of high-quality medical equipment, disposables and services to the public and private sectors, has recently secured registration for the Gastrolyzer® range of Hydrogen-Methane Breath Testing (HMBT) devices.

“This registration and partnership represent a key milestone in our mission to expand globally while staying locally relevant,” said Jason Smith, CEO of Bedfont®. “Kuwait is a strategically important market for us, and with Medvision’s strong local expertise, we are confident that our HMBT range will reach and support the region with the quality and innovation they expect.”

Sharing high-quality and patient-focused values, this partnership marks a significant step in expanding Bedfont’s innovative technology in the Middle East. It will allow easier access and localised support for patients seeking reliable and advanced HMBT diagnostics.

The Gastrolyzer® range is now officially registered by Medvision, ensuring compliance with local regulations and streamlined access for end-users in Kuwait. For more information on the Gastrolyzer® range and how it revolutionises gastrointestinal investigation, click here.

Electromed Corporation completes registration for piCO™ CO device in Pakistan

Bedfont® Scientific Limited, an innovative med-tech company and world leaders in breath analysis, has partnered with Electromed Corporation. Electromed, an intensive respiratory and sleep care equipment business, has recently completed registration for the piCO™ Smokerlyzer® CO device, bringing the innovative technology of CO monitoring for smoking cessation to Pakistan.

Monin Uddin, the NObreath® and Smokerlyzer® Product Manager at Electromed, said, “This achievement marks a significant milestone in expanding access to innovative respiratory diagnostics in the region. We’re excited to announce that the Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) registration for NObreath® is imminent, further enhancing our product offerings. Electromed is fully engaged in promoting Smokerlyzer® and NObreath® across Pakistan, ensuring healthcare professionals have the tools they need to deliver exceptional patient care”.

Smoking cessation is notoriously difficult, but monitoring CO levels during a quit attempt allows patients to see their CO levels in real-time, giving them the motivation to quit. CO is a colourless, odourless gas that is found in tobacco smoke, and high levels of CO can lead to various health complications and smoking-related diseases, such as cancer, breathing problems, chronic respiratory conditions, heart disease, stroke and blood circulation problems¹. The piCO™ is a breath CO device that enables patients to monitor their CO levels during a quit smoking attempt.

Jason Smith, CEO at Bedfont®, comments, “We are thrilled to partner with Electromed Corporation as they complete registration for the piCO™ Smokerlyzer® CO device. Their strong regional presence and proven track record makes them an ideal collaborator as we expand access to our innovative technology. This partnership marks an important step in our mission to provide cutting-edge breath analysis medical products worldwide.”

Electromed Corporation is an ideal collaboration, aligning with Bedfont’s core values of providing excellent patient-centred care and innovation. This partnership will ensure the innovative technology of the piCO™ Smokerlyzer® is available across Pakistan, ultimately improving smoking cessation outcomes in the region.

For more information on the Smokerlyzer® range of CO devices, visit the website here.

References

1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. What Are the Harms Caused by smoking? [Internet]. NICE. 2024. Available from: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/smoking-cessation/background-information/harms-caused-by-smoking/